2024年10月abbreviationoncommunication（“集中“的英语怎么拼）

　　⑴abbreviationonmunication（“集中“的英语怎么拼

　　⑵“集中“的英语怎么拼

　　⑶centralizecollectconcentrateconvergencefocusmusterpoolcentralizevt.集聚,集中,施行中央集权vi.集中于中央(或中心)centralizevt.,vi.-ized,-izing集中；形成中心；中央集权（亦作：centralisecollectv.收集,聚集,集中,搜集adj.由收件人付款的adv.由收件人付款地collectvt.,vi.收集；集合Acrowdhadcollectedtowatchtheceremony.人群集中起来观看典礼。合集；搜集collectstamps集邮领取；接走（人、物Todayitishisturntocollectthechildrenfromschoolinthemunity.今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。使镇静；集中（思想等Theoldladytriedtocollectherthoughtsbutshewastooexcited.(喻)“老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。“收款；收账collectmoney收钱Theelectricianwilleroundtocollecttheelectricityfeeforthemonthoneofthesedays.日内电工将来收取这个月的电费。collectadj.由受话人付款的（电话acollectcall对方付款的电话collectadv.〈电话〉由受话人付款tocallsb.collect打对方付款电话collectn.短祷告collect来自拉丁词collectus=col-集合+legere收集，lect收集，选择，如elect选举collect,gather,assemble是词义很近的同义词，它们的一般含义是“收集”或“使…集中到一起”。collect通常表示有目的或有挑选的收集，而gather一般表示由少积多的收集。HeknewIcollectedbirds’eggs…他知道我收集各种鸟蛋……Hecollectedalotofvaluablestamps.他收集了许多有价值的邮票。Hewasacollector.他做过收租人。Theteachercollectedallthepupilsinfrontoftheclassroombuildings.老师把小学生招集在教学楼前。Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailedtocollectit.海盗常把金子埋藏在山洞里，而后来又没能取走。此外，gather的用法较广泛，能组成不少的习语。如：begatheredtoone’sfathers(死亡)，gatherthebrows(眉)，gatheroneselftogether(振奋精神)。collect和gather有时虽然可以换用(如：Hecollectedhisbelongingsandwentaway.此句中的collected便可换以gathered,句子的意思并不改变。)但是collectone’sthoughts与gatherone’sthoughts之间便有明显的含义差别，前者的意思是把自己的思想有条理地组织起来，后者的意思是把分散了的思想集中起来。collectmoney表示为某目的而收款或募款，而gathermoney则表示积钱。AlargecrowedgatheredundertheTownHallclock.一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下。Thewholevillagehasbeenworkingdayandnightgatheringandthreshingthisyear’scropbeforetheSeptemberrains.全村日夜辛苦地干着，要在月的雨季之前收割并打完今年的庄稼。Thecountrygirlgatheredsomefirewood.那个农家姑娘拾了些柴火。assemble强调把数个个体紧密地联合在一起，或者表示这种联合是自觉的而且有一定的目的的。Thestudentsassembleforclassato’clockinthemorning.学生早上八时聚集在一起上课。Itwasherethescatteredforcesoftherevolutionassembledintheautumnof.就是在这里，分散了的革命武装力量于年秋季聚集起来了。Theworkerswhoassemblecarsworkveryskilfully.装配汽车的工人们干得很熟练。concentratevt.,vi.-trated,-trating集中（注意力、思想等Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。集中于某处；使集中于一点concentrateraysoflightintoafocus把光线集中在焦点上Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。浓缩concentraten.浓缩物orangejuiceconcentrate浓缩橘子汁convergencen.集中,收敛focusn.-cuses或-ci中心点焦点中心，集中点tobeafocusofattention成为注意力的中心“Becauseofhisstrangeclothes,heimmediatelybecamethefocusofattentionwhenheenteredtheoffice.““他由于服装奇特,一走进办公室便成了大家注意的中心。“infocus焦点对准，清晰outoffocus焦点没有对准，模糊focusvt.,vi.-s-或-ss-使集中于焦点；集中tofocusone’smindonwork集中精力于工作Youmusttrytofocusyourmindonworkandstudy.(喻)你应该努力把思想集中在工作的学习上。Alleyeswerefocusedonthespeaker.(喻)大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。调焦距Thisphotographlooksfunny;Ithinkyoufottofocusthecamera.“这张照片看上去有些滑稽,我想你是忘了给照相机调焦距了。“focus源自拉丁语，原义是火炉。公元年开普勒用于数学意义上，叫焦点mustern.召集passmuster通过检阅；符合要求muster(中古英语mousteren《古英语moustrer展示《拉西语monstrare召集)pooln.集中备用的物资（如钱、物、工人等（纸牌戏中所下的赌注赌注式台球；落袋撞球戏poolvt.集中；合并；共享；分享

　　⑷IhavetheexperienceofEnglishmunicationwithfroeigneronline.Ifoundthatit’suselesstoenhanceyourEnglishbacausetheyjustuseabbreviationtochatbytyping.Ibarelyunderatandit.Ofcause,Ithinkthatifyouhavechancetomunicatewithforeigneristhebetter.Butit’squitedifficultexceptforyouhavetherelationshipwiththem.SotoattendsomeEnglishsalonmaybeisthegoodway.Furthermore，Ithinktochatwithchinesepeopleonlineisthegoodway.It’sconvenient.

　　⑸怎么提高雅思作文的写作，逻辑性太差，也就是

　　⑹洛阳大华雅思为您解答最后，我们可以试着来说说看逻辑的问题。逻辑的问题，也是我上大课并不会太讲的东西，顶多带着大家做做brainstorming，但是很多同学对于关键词的抓取基本上是不到位的，而这个抓取能力以及后续的转化能力，也是很多同学难以做到的事情。这个需要去练，特别是在雅思写作难度不断提升的情况下，有一个criticalthinking的能力还是尤其重要的。我们来拿一个真题和一个类似于真题的题进行说明：Somepeoplesaythatmunicationbyusingputersandphoneswillhavesideeffectsonyoungpeople’swritingandreadingskills.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?改编题：Somepeoplesaythattheuseofusingputersandphoneswillhavesideeffectsonyoungpeople’smunication.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?请各位同学想一想，这两个问题是一样的么?劳烦各位思考个分钟，然后继续往下翻~如果你觉得并没有很大差别，那估计真的碰到这个题目的话，.分是很勉强的。------------------------------------------------------------------------------我们先来说改编题：sideeffects:.face-to-facemunication减少，感情可能变淡positiveeffects:.beabletocontactpeoplewithoutgeographicallimitation;inthepast,itmaybeimpossibletosayHitoaforeignfriend..beabletocontactfriendsorpartnersquickly,noneedtowaitforresponses;inthepast,writinglettersreallywastesalotoftimeandsometimeslettersmaybelost.我们再来说真题：sideeffects:.writingabilities会下降，因为写信的频率降低了，handwriting当然变差.reading和writing都会下降，因为informalabbreviationontheInter取代了正式的单词，例如LOL=laugh，或者btw=bytheway.writingabilities会下降，因为人们的spelling会变差，源于一些软件的自动纠错功能positiveeffects:恕我没想到你会发现，仅仅是把munication具体成了writingandreadingabilities，整个题目的思考方向都变化了，那么这种变化你适应的过来么?可能很多同学并没有这种能力，而且这种能力也不会出现在绝大部分老师的课堂上，一个原因是很多老师自己也没想明白这之中的区别(因为教英语和教逻辑其实是不相关的事)，另一个是因为很多同学表示听完之后似懂非懂，下次碰到了还是会继续无视一些关键词or限定词，所以一般我也不太会讲这个，大部分同学也难以在短时间内消化这个东西，但是，它很重要，特别是雅思每年还是会有几道题比较恶心人的，这个题目在恶心程度里面的排名算是中上等~

　　⑺常见的前缀.表示否定意义的前缀)纯否定前缀a-,an-,asymmetry（不对称anhydrous（无水的dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,noesenseneg-,neglectun-unable,unemployment)表示错误的意义male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)mis-,mistake,misleadpseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience)表示反动作的意思de-,defend,demodulation(解调)dis-,disarm,disconnectun-,unload,uncover)表示相反，相互对立意思anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)counter-,counterreaction,counterbalanceob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,oupywith-,withdraw,withstand.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀)a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard,aside,)by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路))circum-,circu-,表示“周围，环绕，回转”circumstance,circuit)de-,表示“在下，向下”descend,degrade)en-,表示“在内，进入”encage,enbed(上床))ex-,ec-,es-,表示“外部，外”exit,eclipse,expand,export)extra-,表示“额外”extraction（提取)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground)in-,il-,im-,ir-,表示“向内，在内，背于”inland,invade,inside,import)inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”international,interaction,inter)intro-,表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce,introduce)medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中，中间”Mediterranean,midposition)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead,overboard)post-,表示“向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)，)pre-,表示“在前”在前面”prefix,preface,preposition)pro-,表示“在前，向前”progress,proceed,)sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-,表示“在下面，下”subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement)super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”superficial,surface,superstructure)trans-,表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate,transform,transoceanic)under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡).表示时间，序列关系的前缀)ante-,anti-,表示“先前，早于，预先”antecedent,anticipate,)ex-,表示“先，故，旧”expresident,exhusband)fore-,表示“在前面，先前，前面”foreward,dorecast,foretell(预言))mid-,medi-,表示“中，中间”midnight,midsummer)post-“表示“在后，后”postwar,)pre-,pri-,表示“在前，事先，预先”preheat,prewar,prehistory)pro-,表示“在前，先，前”prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家))re-,表示“再一次，重新”retell,rewrite.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀)by-,表示“副，次要的”byproduct,bywork(副业))extra-,表示“超越，额外”extraordinary,)hyper-表示“超过，极度”hypersonic(超声波),hypertesion(高血压))out-,表示“超过，过分”outdo(超过),outbid(出价过高的人))over-，表示“超过，过度，太”overeat,overdress,oversleep)sub-,suc-,sur-,表示“低，次，副，亚”subeditor,subordinate,subtropical(亚热带))super-,sur-表示“超过”supernature,superpower,surplus,surpass)under-,表示“低劣，低下”undersize,undergrown,underproduction(生产不足))vice-表示“副，次”vicepresident,vicechairman.表示共同，相等意思的前缀)-,cop-,con-,cor-,co-表示“共同，一起”。connect,bine,collect,bat,coexist,co-operate)syn-,syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类”symmetry,sympathy,synthesis(合成).表示整个完全意思的前缀)al-表示“完整，完全”alone,almost,)over-表示“完全，全”overall,overflow(充满))pan-表示“全，总，万”panentheism(泛神论)，panorama.表示分离，离开意思的前缀)a-ab-,abs-,表示“分离，离开”away,apart,abstract,abstain)de-表示“离去，处去”depart,decolour,)dis-,di-,dif-,表示“分离，离开”divorce,disarm(缴械))ex-,e-,表示“离开，分离”expel,exclude,expatriate(驱出国外))for-表示“离开，脱离”fet,five)表示“离开”release,resolve)表示“分离，隔离”separate,seduce,select.表示通过，遍及意思的前缀)dia-,表示“通过，横过”diameter,diagram,)per-,pel-,表示“通，总，遍”perfect,perform,pervade(浸透))trans-,表示“横过，贯通”transparent,transmit,transport.表示加强意思的前缀a-,arouse,ashamedad-,adjoin,adhere(粘着).表示变换词类作用的前缀be-,befriend,en-,enslave,enable,enrichad-,ac-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-,adapt,aord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign(委派).表示数量关系的前缀)表示“单一”，“一”mon-,mon-,monotone(单调)，monopoly,monarchuni-,un-,uniform,unicellular(单细胞))表示“二，两，双”ambi-,ambiguous,amphibian(两栖类)bi-,bin-bicycle,di-,diode(二级管)，twi-,twilight)表示“十”deca,deco-,dec-deci-,decade,decimals)表示“百，百分子一“hecto-,hect-,hectometer,centi-,centimeter)表示“千，千分子一”kilo-,kilometer)表示“万，万分子一”myria-,myri-,myriametremega-,meg-,megabytemicro-,microvolt(微伏特))表示“许多，复，多数”multi-,mult-,multipmetre(万用表)poly-,polysyllable,)表示“半，一半”hemi-,hemispheredemi-,demiofficialsemi-,semiconductor,semitransparentpene-,pen-,peninsula.表示特殊意义的前缀)arch-,表示“首位，第一的，主要的”architect,archbishop)auto-,表示“自己，独立，自动”automobile,autobiography)bene-,表示“善，福”benefit)eu-,表示“优，美好”eugenics(优生学)，euphemism)male-,mal-表示“恶，不良”maltreatment,malodor,)macro-,表示“大，宏大”macroscopic(宏观))magni-,表示“大”magnificent)micro-,表示“微”microscope.表示术语的前缀)aud-,表示“听，声”audience,)bio-,表示“生命，生物”biography(传记))ge-,表示“地球，大地”geography)phon-,表示“声，音调”phonograph)tele-,表示“远离”television,telephone二.常见的后缀.名词后缀()具有某种职业或动作的人)-an,-ain,表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”American,historian,)-al,表示“具有……职务的人“principal,)-ant,-ent,表示“……者”merchant,agent,servant,student,)-ar,表示“……的人”scholar,liar,peddler)-ard,-art,表示“做……的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸张者))-arian,表示“……派别的人，……主义的人”humanitarian,vegetarian)-ary,表示“从事……的人“secretary,missionary)-ant,表示“具有……职责的人“candidate,graduate)-ator,表示“做……的人“educator,speculator(投机者))-crat,表示“某种政体，主义的支持者“democrat,bureaucrat)-ee,表示“动作承受者“employee,examinee)-eer,表示“从事于……人“engineer,volunteer)-er,表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区，地方的人“banker,observer,Londoner,villager)-ese,表示“……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese)-ess,表示“阴性人称名词，actress,hostess,manageress)-eur,表示“……家”amateur,littérateur)-ian,表示“……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian,physician(内科医生)，musician)-ician,表示“精通者，……家，”electrician,magician,technician)-icist,表示“……家，…….者,…….能手”physicist,phoicist,technicist)-ic,表示“……者，……师“mechanic,critic)-ie,表示“爱，指小“dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘))-ier,表示“从事……职业”cavalier,clothier,brazier(黄铜匠))-ine,ian,表示“阴性人称“heroine,ballerina)-ist,表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者“pianist,munist,dentist,artist,chemist)-ive,表示“动作者，行为者”native,captive)-logist,表示“……学家，研究者“biologist,geologist(地质学家))-or,表示“……者“author,doctor,operator,)-ster,表示“做…….事情的人”youngster,gamester(赌徒)，songster)-yer,表示“从事……职业者”lawyer().构成，具有抽象名词的含义)-acy,表示“性质，状态，境遇“auracy,diplomacy)-age,表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称“courage,storage,marriage)-al,a)表示“事物的动作，过程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approvalb)表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal)-ance,-ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience)-ancy,-ency,表示“性质，状态，行为，过程“frequency,urgency,efficiency,)-bility,表示“动作，性质，状态“possibility,feasibility,)-craft,表示“工艺，技巧”woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft（治国策)-cracy,表示“统治，支配“bureaucracy,democracy)-cy,表示“性质，状态，职位，级别“bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy)-dom,表示“等级，领域，状态“freedom,kingdom,wisdom)-ery,-ry,表示“行为，状态，习性“bravery,bribery,rivalry)-ety,表示“性质，状态”variety,dubiety(怀疑))-faction,-facture,表示“作成，……化，作用“satisfaction,manufacture)-hood,表示“资格，身份,年纪，状态“childhood,manhood,falsehood)-ice,表示“行为，性质，状态“notice,justice,service)-ine,表示“带有抽象概念“medicine,discipline,famine)-ing,表示“动作的过程，结果“building,writing,learning)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程，结果，状况“action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction)-ise,表示“性质，状态”exercise,merchandise(商业))-ism,表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为“socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism)-ity,表示“性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity)-ment,表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument)-mony,表示“动作的结果，状态“ceremony,testimony)-ness,表示“性质，状态，程度“goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness)-or,-our,表示“动作，性质，状态“favor,error,)-osity,表示“动作，状态”curiosity)-ship,表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship)-th,表示“动作，性质，过程，状态“depth,wealth,truth,length,growth)-tude,表示“性质，状态，程度“latitude,altitude(海拔))-ure,表示“行为，结果“exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)，)-y,表示“行为的结果，状态，性质”glory,history,victory,inquiry()带有场所，地方的含义)-age,表示“住所，地点“village,cottage)-ary,表示“住所，场地“library,granary(谷仓))-ery,ry,表示“工作场所，饲养所，地点“laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室))-ory,表示“工作场所，住处“factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory()带有学术，科技含义)-grapy,表示“……学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography)-ic,ics,表示“……学……法“logic,mechanics,optics,electronics)-ology,表示“……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学))-nomy,表示“……学……术“astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学))-ery,表示“学科，技术“chemistry,cookery,machinery)-y,表示“……学，术，法”photography,philosophy()表示人和事物的总和，集合含义)-age,baggage,tonnage)-dom,newspaperdom(新闻界))-hood,neighbourhood,womanhood)-ery,cavalry,ministry(内阁))-ure,legislature,judicature()表示物品和物质名称的含义)-ant,ent,solvent,constant)-al,signal,pictorial(画报))ar,collar,pillar(石柱))-er,boiler,puter,washer,cooker)-ery,drapery(绸缎))-ing,clothing,matting,)-ment,instrument,equipment,attachment()表示“细小”的含义)-cle,particle,)-cule,molecule(分子))-el,parcel)-en,chicken,maiden)-et,pocket,ticket)-etta,-ette,etto,cigarette,essayette(短文))-kin,napkin)-ling,duckling,)-let,booklet)-y,baby,doggy.形容词后缀（带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义)-able,-ible,movable,fortable,applicable,visible,responsible)-al,natural,additional,educational)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent)-ar,similar,popular,regular)-ary,military,voluntary)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical,)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine)-ing,moving,touching,daring)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish)-ive,active,impressive,decisive)-ory,satisfactory,pulsory)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)()表示“相象，类似”的含义)-ish,boyish,childish)-esque,picturesque)-like,manlike,childlike)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly)-some,troublesome,handsome)-y,milky,pasty()表示“充分的”含义)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various)-ent,violent,()表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义)-en,wooden,golden,woolen)-ous,gaseous)-fic,scientific()表示方向的含义)-ern,eastern,western)-ward,downward,forward()表示“倍数”的含义)-ble,double,treble)ple,triple)-fold,twofold,tenfold()表示“数量关系”的含义)-teen,thirteen)-ty,fifty)-th,fourth,fiftieth()表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义)-an,Roman,European)-ese,Chinese,)-ish,English,Spanish()表示“比较程度”的含义)-er,greater)-ish,reddish,yellowish)-est,highest)-most,foremost,topmost()其他的含义-less,表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless.动词后缀)-ize,ise,表示“做成，变成，……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,anize)-en,表示“使成为，引起，使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden)-fy,表示“使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify)-ish,表示“使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish)-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用”separate,operate,indicate.副词后缀)-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply)-ward,-wards,downward,inwards,upward)-ways,always,sideways)-wise,otherwise,clockwise三.常见的词根常见的词根)aer,ar,含义是“空气，大气”aeroplane,aerial,)ag,act,ig,含义是“做，动作”active,agent,reaction,)alt,含义是“高”，altitude,)alter,altern,altr,含义是“其它，变更”alternate,)bio,bi,bion,含义是“生物，生命”biology,bionics(仿生学))brev,bri,brief,含义是“短”brief,abbreviation,abridge(节略))cap,capt,cept,cip,含义是“取，获”capture,except,concept,capacity)ced,ceed,cess,含义是“行，让步”proceed,sueed,excess(过度))centr,centr,含义是“中心”concentrate,eentric(偏心的))clain,clam,含义是“呼喊”claim,proclaim,exclaim)clos,clud,含义是“闭合”conclude,enclose,include)col,cult,含义是“耕耘”colony,cultivate,agriculture)cor,cord,含义是“心”cordial,record,aord)curr,cur,cour,含义是“跑，动作”current,our,concurrence(同时发生))dic,dict,含义是“说，示”dictate,edit,indicate,predict)doc,doct,含义是“教”doctor,document)duc,duct含义是“引导，传导”introduce,produce,conduct,deduct(推论))fact,fac,fect,dic,dit,含义是“做，创造”factory,effect,profit,faculty,perfect)fend,fens,含义是“打，击”defence,offence)fer,含义是“搬运，移转”ferry,transfer,defer(迟延))fin,finit,含义是“终，极”final,finish,confine)firm,含义是“坚固”firm,confirm,affirm(断定))fix,含义是“固定”prefix,affix(附加))flect,flex,含义是“弯曲”flexible,reflex)flor,flour,flower,含义是“花”flower,flourish)form,含义是“形”uniform,formula,transform,reform,deform)forc,fort,含义是“力，强度”force,enforce,effort)gen,genit,含义是“生产，发生”generate,generation)gram,graph,含义是“书写，记录”telegram,diagram,photograph)grad,gress,gred,gree,含义是“步，阶段”gradually,degree,progress)hab,habit,hibit,含义是“保持，住”inhabit,exhibit,prohibit)her,hes,含义是“粘附”adhere,cohesion)ject,jet,含义是“抛射”project,inject)jour,含义是“日，一天”journal(日记),journey,adjourn(延期))jug,junct,含义是“结合，连合”conjunction,junction(连合))labour,labor,含义是“劳动，工作”labourer,elaborate,collaborate)lect,leg,lig,含义是“挑选，采集”collect,select,lecture)lif,liv,含义是“生活，生存”life,alive,live)loc,含义是“场所，位置”location,dislocate(脱位))long,leng,ling,含义是“长的”length,prolong,linger)loqu,locut,含义是“说话”colloquial,eloquent,)mand,mend,含义是“命令”mand,demand,remend)man,manu,含义是“手，手法”manage,manual)memor,menber,含义是“记忆”memory,remember,memorial)mind,ment,含义是“心”mind,remind,mental)merc,merch,含义是“贸易”merce,merchant)meas,mens,meter,metr,含义是“测量，度量”measure,meter,diameter)min,含义是“小”diminish,minority)miss,mit,含义是“派遣，送”mission,dismiss,transmit,missile)mob,mot,mov,含义是“动”movement,motion,mobile,remove)nect,nex,含义是“捆扎”connect,disconnect,annex(合并))not,含义是“记号，注意”note,denote,annotation(注释))onom,onym,含义是“名字”synonym,antonym,anonymous)pair,par,含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备”pare,prepare)pel,puls,含义是“追逐”expel,impel(推进))pend,pens,pond,含义是“悬挂”depend,independent,expense(支付))phon,含义是“声音”symphony,telephone,microphone)plac,含义是“位置，场所”place,replace)peopl,popul,publ,含义是“人民，民众”public,republic,popular,people)port,含义是“搬运”export,import,deport(输送))press,含义是“压，压制”pressure,express,oppress,impression)prob,proof,prov,含义是“实验，验证”prove,approve,)quer,quest,quir,quis,含义是“寻找，探问”inquiry,question,inquisition(调查，追究))rang,rank,含义是“排列”arrange,rank,)rect,right,rig,含义是“正，直”correct,direct,erect)riv,含义是“河流，流远”，river,arrive,derive)rupt,含义是“破坏，毁坏”eruption,bankrupt,corruption)sci,含义是“认识，知识”science,conscious)scrib,script,含义是“书写，记录”describe,script)sens,sent,含义是“感觉，情感”sensation,sentiment)sign,含义是“标记，符号”signal,signature,design)sembl,simil,含义是“相似，类似”similar,resemble,assimilate(同化))soci,含义是“结合，社交”social,association)spec,spect,spitc,spis,含义是“看，视”inspect,spectator,conspicuous,respect)struct,含义是“建筑，构造”structure,construct,instruct,destruction)tect,teg,含义是“遮蔽，掩盖”detect,protect)temp,tens,含义是“时间，时机”tense,contemporary,temporal)tend,tes,tent,含义是“倾向,伸张”tendency,intension,extend,intend)test,含义是“证明，证实”testify,protest,contest(争论))text,含义是“编织，构成”textile,texture,context)tract,trail,含义是“拖拉，吸引”attract,tractor,abstract,contract(收缩))tribut,含义是“给予”contribution,distribute)us,ut,含义是“用，使用”usable,utilize,abuse)vac,van,含义是“空，虚”vacancy,vanity,evacuate(清空))vad,vas,wad,含义是“走，去”invade,wade,evade(逃避))vers,vert,含义是“旋转，反转”convert,inversion(倒转)，reverse,divert(使转向))vid,vis,vey,view,含义是“观看，看见”television,visible,evident,interview,survey)viv,vit,含义是“生，活”vivid,vital,survival,)war,ward,含义是“注意，保护”aware,wary(谨慎)，ward(守护))way,含义是“路”way,away,subway,always

　　⑻英语语言学指的是什么

　　⑼语言学是对语言的系统研究,对于一个学习英语的人来说,应该懂一点语言学的知识,它可以在理论上对学习语言有指导作用,有助于更好的学习语言,下面介绍一点语言学知识.I.Introduction.WhatisLanguageLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumanmunication..WhatisLinguistics(语言学)Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage..SomeBasicDistinctions(区分)inLinguistics.SpeechandWritingOnegeneralprinciple(原则)oflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspeechoverwriting.Writinggiveslanguagenewscope(范畴)andusesthatspeechdoesnothave..Descriptive(描述性)orPrescriptive(说明性)Alinguisticstudyisdescriptiveifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itisprescriptiveifittriestolaydownrulesfor“correct“behavior..Synchronic(共时)andDiachronic(历时)StudiesThedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicstudyandThedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy..Langue(语言)andParole(言语)ThisisadistinctionmadebytheSwisslinguistF.DeSaussure(索绪尔earlylastcentury.languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechmunityandparolereferstotheactualized(实际的)language,orrealizationoflangue..petence(能力)andPerformance(行为)petenceistheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.Performanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinutterances(发声)..TheScopeofLinguisticsGenerallinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageasawhole.Phoics(语音学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.Phonology(音韵学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsoflanguages.Morphology(词法)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheformofwords.Syntax(句法)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestherulesgoverningthebinationofwordsintosentences.Semantics(语义学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthemeaningoflanguage.Appliedlinguistics(应用语言学)isthestudyoftheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthemind.HistoricalLinguistics(历史语言学)isthestudyoflanguagechanges.Anthropologicallinguistics(人文语言学)usesthetheoriesandmethodsofanthropologytostudylanguagevariationandlanguageuseinrelationtotheculturalpatternsandbeliefsofman.Neurolinguistics(神经语言学)studiestheneurologicalbasisoflanguagedevelopmentanduseinhumanbeings.Mathematicallinguistics(数学语言学)studiesthemathematicalfeaturesoflanguage,oftenemployingmodelsandconceptsofmathematics.putationallinguistics(计算语言学)isanapproachtolinguisticsinwhichmathematicaltechniquesandconcepts(概念)areapplied,oftenwiththeaidofaputer.II.Phoics(语音学.scopeofphoicsSpeechsoundsmaybestudiedfromdifferentangles,thuswehaveatleastthreebranchesofphoics:Articulatoryphoics(发音语音学wemayexamihewayinwhichaspeechsoundisproducedtodiscoverwhichvocalansareinvolvedandhowtheycoordinate(协调intheprocess.Auditoryphoics（听觉语音学wemaylookintotheimpressionaspeakermakesonthehearerasmediated(调节bytheear,theauditorynerve(神经andthebrain.Acousticphoics(声学语音学westudythephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,astransmitted（传送betweenmouthandear..ThevocalansThevocalansmaybeviewedasconsistingofthreeparts,theinitiatoroftheair-stream,(气流发生器官theproducerofvoice（声音发生器官andtheresonatingcavities.（声音共振器官.Consonants(辅音Placesofarticulation(发音部位:bilabial,(双唇Labiodentals,（唇齿dental,（齿alveolar,（齿龈retroflex,（卷舌palate-alveolar,（上齿龈palatal,（上颚velar,（软腭uvular,（小舌glottal(声门Mannersofarticulation:plosive,（暴破nasal,（鼻音trill,（颤音lateral,（边音fricative,（摩擦approximant,（近似音affricate（破擦.Vowels(元音Theclassificationofvowels:theheightoftongueraising(high,mid,low),thepositionofthehighestpartofthetongue(front,central,back),andthedegreeofliprounding(rounded,unrounded)III.Phonology（音韵学.phonemes(音素：adistinctive(有区别的soundinalanguage..Allophones(音位变体：Thenondistinctivesoundsaremembersofthesamephoneme..Minimalpairs(最小对立体：wordformswhichdifferfromeachotheronlybyonesound..Freevariation(自由变异：Iftwosoundsourringinthesameenvironment(环境,theydoesnotproduceadifferentwordform,butmerelyadifferentpronunciationofthesameword..plementarydistribution(补充分类：Notallthespeechsoundsourinthesameenvironment.Whentwosoundsneverourinthesameenvironment.Suprasegmentalphonology(超音段音位：thestudyofphonologicalproperties(性质ofunitslagerthanthesegment-phoneme.Theyaresyllable(音节,stress,（重音wordstress,sentencestress.pitch（音调andintonation（语调.IV.Morphology（词法.inflection(构形法：thegrammaticalrelationshipsthroughtheadditionofinflectionalaffixes.(屈折词缀.Word-formation(构词：theprocesses(过程ofwordvariationssignalinglexicalrelationships.（表明词法关系Theyarepound(合成andderivation(派生..Morpheme(词素：thesmallestunitintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent..Allomorph(同质异象变体：somemorphemeshaveconsiderablevariation,forinstance,alternateshapesorphoicforms..Typesofmorphemes:Theyareroots,(词根affix（词缀andstem（词干..Lexicon(语言词汇：initsmostgeneralsense,issynonymouswithvocabulary..Closed-classwords(封闭性andopen-classwords(开放性：theformerwhosemembershipisfixedorlimitedandthelatterwhosemembershipisinprinciple(实际上indefiniteorunlimited..Wordclass(词性：Itdisplaysawiderrangeofmorepreciselydefinedclasses..Lexeme(词位：thesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemofalanguagethatcanbedistinguishedfromothersmallerunits..Idiom(习语,成语：Mostphrasallexemesareidioms.Itisespeciallytrueforasequenceofwords(词序whichissemantically（语义上andoftensyntactically(句法上restricted.（限制.Collocation(搭配：thehabitual(习惯的co-ourrences（同时出现ofindividuallexicalitems.V.Syntax(句法.Positionalrelationorwordorder（词序：thesequential(顺序arrangementofwordsinalanguage..Constructionorconstituent(句子结构：theoverallprocessofinternal(内部anizationofagrammaticalunit..Syntacticfunction(句法功能：therelationshipbetweenalinguisticformandotherpartsofthelinguisticpatterninwhichitisused.Thenamesoffunctionsareexpressedintermsofsubjects,objects,predicates,modifiers,(修饰语plements（补语,etc..Category(范畴：Itreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,e.g.noun,verb,subject,predicate,nounphrase,verbphrase,etc.Thecategoriesofthenounincludenumber,gender,caseandcountability..Phrase:asingleelementofstructurecontainingmorethanoneword,andlackingthesubject-predicatestructuretypicalofclause..Clause:agroupofwordswithitsownsubjectandpredicate,ifitisincludedinalargersentence..Sentence:Itistheminimumpartoflanguagethatexpressesapletethought.VI.Semantics.Conceptualismormentalism(概念主义：FollowingF.DeSaussure(索学尔’s“sign“theory,thelinguisticsignissaidtoconsistofasignifier（所指andsignified（被指,i.e.,asoundimageandaconcept,likedbyapsychological（心理的“associative“bond.（相关联系.Mechanism(机械主义：Somelinguists,Bloomfield,(布鲁费尔德forexample,turnedtosciencetocounter（反-acttheprecioustheoriesandthisleadstowhatcallthemechanisticapproach（方法.Thenatureofthistheoryhasnothingtodowiththescientificstudyofmentalphenomena.（智力现象.Contextualism（语境主义：Itisbasedonthepresumption(假定thatonecanderivemeaningfromorreduceittoobservablecontext..Behaviorism(行为主义：Behaviouristsattempttodefine(定义themeaningofalanguageformas“thesituation(情景inwhichthespeakerutters（说话itandtheresponse（反应itcallsforthinthehearer.“.functionalism(功能主义：Functionalistsasrepresented(代表bythePragueschool（布拉格学派linguistsandneo-Firthian（新弗斯linguists,approachtheproblemfromanentirelyneworientation（方法.Theyargue（争辩thatmeaningcouldonlybeinterpreted（解释fromitsuseorfunctioninsociallife..Senserelationships:Whilereferencedealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelements,words,sentences,etc.,andthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,senserelatestotheplexsystemofrelationshipsthatholdbetweenthelinguisticelementsthemselves.Theyincludesynonymy(同义词,antonymy(反义词,hyponymy(下层次Polysemy(一词多义andHomonymy(同音异义词.Semanticanalysis:Itincludes)ponential（成分analysiswhichdefinesthemeaningofalexicalelementintermsofsemantiomponents.(意义成分)predication(表述analysisinwhichthemeaningofasentenceisnotmerelythesumofthemeaningsofthewordswhichposeit.)relationalponentsinwhichthesemanticanalysisofsomewordspresentsaplicatedpicture,becausetheyshowrelationsbetweentwoandperhapsmoreterms.VII.LanguageVariation(语言变化.Lexicalchange(词汇的变化：changesinlexis..Invention:(新造词newentities..pounding:(合成词Newwordsaresometimesconstructedbybiningtwooldwords..Blending:(混合词：Itisarelativelyplexformofpounding,inwhichtworootsareblendedbyjoiningtheinitialpartofthefirstrootandthefinalpartofthesecondroot,orbyjoiningtheinitialpartsofthetworoots..Abbreviationorclipping:(缩写Anewwordiscreatedbycuttingthefinalpartorcuttingtheinitialpart..acronym:(取首字母的缩写词Itismadeupfromthefirstlettersofthenameofananization,whichhasaheavilymodified(修饰headword..Metanalysis:(再分化Itreferstoaprocessthroughwhichadivisionismadewheretherewerenotebefore..Back-formation:(逆构词Itreferstoanabnormal(非正常typeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeleting(去掉animaginedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage..Analogicalcreation:(类比造词Itcanaountfor（说明theco-existenceoftwoforms,regularandirregular,intheconjugation(结合ofsomeEnglishverbs..Borrowing（借用：Englishinitsdevelopmenthasmanagedtowidenhervocabularybyborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages..Phonologicalchange(音变：Itisrelatedtolanguagevariationinthephonologicalsystemoflanguage.Itincludesloss,(省音addition,（加音assimilation,（同化dissimilation.（异化.Grammaticalchange:Changesinbothmorphology（词法andsyntax（句法arelistedunderthisheading..Semantihange:(语义变化Itincludesbroadening,（语义扩大narrowing,（语义缩小meaningshift,（意义转化classshift（词性转换andfolketymology.（词源变化.Orthographihange：(正字法Changescanalsobefoundatthegrapheticlevel.

　　⑽智商与情商哪个重要英文的

　　⑾智商与情商哪个重要？

　　⑿Whichoneismoreimportant,IQorEQ?

　　⒀选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分，以供选择，答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式。一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。

　　⒁其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分用or连接。

　　⒂前者读升调，后者读降调。

　　⒃important~(tosb)havingagreateffectonpeopleorthings;ofgreatvalue

　　⒄重要的；有重大影响的；有巨大价值的

　　⒅Listeningisanimportantpartofthejob.倾听是这项工作的一个重要部分。

　　⒆IQameasurementofaperson’sintelligencethatiscalculatedfromtheresultsofspecialtests(abbreviationfor’intelligencequotient’)

　　⒇智商（全写为intelligencequotient

　　⒈HepossessesanIQofonly.他的智商只有。

　　⒉ameasureofaperson’sinterpersonalandmunicationskills(abbreviationfor’emotionalquotient’)

　　⒊情商（全写为emotionalquotient

　　⒋GuywaselectedleaderandthenfoundtohavethehighestEQonanominalmeasure.?盖伊当选领导，在后来一次定类测量中发现他的情商是最高的。

　　⒌翻译一下下面两段话我不要那些翻译网站翻译的

　　⒍MBAare(MasterOfBusinessAdministration)Englishabbreviation,whatraisesishighgrade,isintheleadingpositionstheprofessionalbusinessmanagementtalentedperson,causesthemtograsptheproduction,thefinance,thefinance,themarketing,theeconomicstatutes,theinternationalmerceandsoonmulti-disciplinaryknowledgeandthemanagementskill,itsitscurriculumcontentinvolvesthemanagementclass,theeconomilass,finance,finance,lawandsoon,notonlyabilitytrainingsarefastidiousabouttheanization,theleadershipability,alsoinvolvestaketheeloquenceasthemunicationabilitywhich,theassuranceoverallsituationdependson,carriesonkeenponder,judgmentandprocessingquestionabilityandsoon.MBAisonehastheworkexperiencelaterdegree,afteritisregardedashadayearoupationexperience’senterpriseaeleratororthetransformationmethod.MBAthecurriculumhascoveredthemodernmanagementallmainfunctionaspect,likeaountant,financial,financial,marketingandsales,operationmanagement,informationsystemmanagement,law,humanresourcesmanagementandsoon.Thecurriculumalsorequeststhestudenttoobtaintheapplytheorytorealitytheknowledgeandtheskill,likedecisionpower,teamcooperation,leadershipskill,entrepreneurpotential,negotiationsskill,municationandreporttechnology.Inthestudyprocess,thestudentshouldhavetakesasanelectivebychance,andchoosesoomajorinthedirection.:()thisschool’sschoolexpenseandthelivingexpensesareIcanwithstand.()thisschoolhasfastandthenimbleteachingway()thisschoolMBAcurriculumisthroughtheAAauthentication

　　⒎一篇关于网络语言的英语作文

　　⒏Nowadays,withthedevelopmentoftheInter,thereisakindoflanguagecalledWeblanguage.SomepeopleevenspeakChinesemixedwithEnglishletters.Ourclasshaveadiscussionaboutit.percentofthestudentsthinkitiskindofridiculous.Intheiropinions,itisuselesshelpingpeoplemunicateorlearnEnglish.Besides,itwillruintheChineselanguage.However,theothers,percentofourclass,arefondoftheWeblanguage.Theythinkitishelpfulinexpressingthemselves.What’smore,itmaymakethelanguagemoreinteresting.Inmyopinion,it’snotagoodhabittousetheWeblanguage.Itmaybepopularassomepeoplethink,butyoumayalsomakeyourselfmisunderstood.翻译：如今，随着互联网的发展，有一个叫做网络语言的语言种类。有些人甚至说中文与英文字母混合。我们班有关于它的讨论。四成学生百分之认为这是很荒谬的行为。在他们的意见，这是没有用处帮助人们沟通，学习英语。此外，它会毁了中文。不过，其他人，百分之六十的一流水平的，喜欢的网络语言。他们认为这是表达自己的帮助。更重要的是，它可以使语言更加有趣。在我看来，这不是一个好习惯使用网络语言。这可能是受欢迎，因为有些人认为，但你也可自己误解

　　⒐飞机上的用语,满满的来~（英语

　　⒑战斗机：下边的这些词近乎Slang，当然有些已经很Popular了，不过不能确定大部分的词流通的范围。想正而八经学英语的就别看了，有害的。（为便于对照理解，请大家自行查找单词的原意。Angels不要想歪了，不是看见mm时喊的词，它这里的意思是“Altitude”。怎么来的？可能是能量战法甚嚣尘上时产生的吧？ArcherHeatSeekingMissile就是红外制导的导弹了，得了个李广式的外号。BingoOutofFuel不是好事的了——没油了，所以也可以在返航时说。可是返航是好事呀，矛盾呀！BirdFriendlyS/AMissile自己一方的面对空导弹。为什么是“小鸟”？BogeyDopeRequstforinfo(AWACS)呵呵，和那帮家伙打交道从来没有好消息，所以叫这词最合适，让人回味。BuddySpikeFriendlyRWRcontact悟空！你又吓我。BullseyeReferencePoint没得说，连靶心都叫它。BusterFlyatmaxMILpower飞飞飞……Clean形势像天气和心情一样好，因为NoRadarcontact，平安无事了。ClearedHotClearedtofire好、好、好，开练！DeadeyeLaserdesignatorinoperative哇！不会吧？这么倒霉？那还炸谁去？FoxOnesemi-actradarmissilelaunch没有人能抵挡这瞬间的快感吧？FoxTwo《地球反击战》中他们发射时喊的是？我记不得了，这个是IRguidedmissilelaunchFoxThreeactvrdrmissilelaunch大家都喜欢。Judyoninterceptw/tgttct就像那场美丽的邂逅。MagnumHARMLaunch够它们喝一壶的，我也象酒鬼一样离不开HARM了。MudRWRgroundthreat那些烂货，又拿破电筒扫一扫的。NakedNoRWRIndications好！赤条条了无牵挂。PickleLaunchBomb不会吧？这下去啥都没了，泡菜都没得吃。RaygunRadarlockonunkna/c看看前面那家伙是谁？RifleAGM-Launch小牛真牛，Maverick又远又准，像Rifle么？SASituationalAwareness做人这一点上也不容易呀！SweetEquipmentworkingOK感觉还可以。WinchesterNoOrdnance那还打什么？TOOTargetofOpportunity三斤还高高的，还饶了我两条。飞行中的部分标准用语：格式说明：用语释义例句acknowledge请认收Letmeknowthatyouhavereceivedandunderstoodthismessage.（请告诉我你已收到并理解了电文。例：CAacknowledgeallfurthertransmission.（CA请认收以下发话。affirm是的，同意Yes.（是的。例：CAareyoureadyforimmediatedeparture?（CA能立即起飞吗？CAaffirm.（CA是的。approved同意Permissionforproposedactiongranted.（准许或承认所要求的事项。例：CApushbackapproved.（CA同意推出。break断开Iherebyindicatetheseparationbetweenportionsofthemessage.(Tobeusedwherethereisnocleardistinctionbetweenthetextandotherportionsofthemessage).（我在此指明本电文两部分之间的间隔。例：CAtaxitorunwayL,breakcenterliaxiwaylightingunserviceable.（CA滑到号左跑道，断开，滑行道中央灯光故障。breakbreak断开，断开Iherebyindicatetheseparationbetweenmessagestransmittedtodifferentaircraftinaverybusyenvironment.（通话非常繁忙，现指出向不同飞机通话的间隔。例：CAdescendimmediatelyFL,breakbreak,allstations,stoptransmittingMAYDAY.（CA立即下降到万千英尺，断开，断开，所有各台停止发话，有遇险活动。cancel取消Annulthepreviouslytransmittedclearance.（取消先前发给的许可。例：CAholdposition,cancelIsayagain,canceltakeoff,vehicleontherunway.（CA原地等待，取消，重复一遍，取消起飞，跑道上有车辆。check检查Examineasystemorprocedure.(Noanswerisnormallyexpected.)（检查系统或程序。例：CAcheckyourtransmitterandgivemealongcall.（CA检查你的发射机并给我次长呼。cleared准许，可以Authorizedtoproceedundertheconditionsspecified.（附有条件的许可或承认。例：CAclearedfortakeoffwindcalm.（CA可以起飞，静风。confirm证实HaveIcorrectlyreceivedthefollowing...?Ordidyoucorrectlyreceivethismessage?（我收到以下的电文是正确的吗？或你收到该电文是正确的吗？例：confirmleavingm.（证实脱离米。contact联系Establishradiocontactwith....（与...建立无线联系。例：contactToweron.（联系塔台。correct正确Thatiscorrect.（发送的话是正确的。例：readbackcorrect,（复诵正确。correction更正Anerrorhasbeenmadeinthistransmission(ormessageindicated),andthecorrectversionis...（已发电文有错误，正确的是...例：,correctionstart-upapproved.（,更正，可以开车。disregard作废Considerthattransmissionasnotsent.（取消已发送的电文。例：disregardpreviousATlearance.（先前航行许可作废。goahead请讲Proceedwithyourmessage.（发送你的电文。例：Towergoahead.（塔台请讲。howdoyouread听我声音怎样Whatisthereadabilityofmytransmission?（我的发话声音怎样？例：howdoyouread?（听我声音怎样？Isayagain我重复一遍Irepeatforclarityoremphasis.（为了明确与强调，我再讲一遍。例：cancel,Isayagaincanceltakeoff.（取消，我重复一遍，取消起飞。monitor守听Listenouton(frequency).（在（频率上守听。例：monitorATIS..（，在.上守听通播。negative不对，不同意Noorpermissionnotgrantedorthatisnotcorrect.（不对，不同意或不正确。例：negativestartup.（不同意，开车时间分。out再见Thisexchangeoftransmissionsisendedandnoresponseisexpected.（本次发话结束，不期望回答。over回答MytransmissionisendedandIexpectaresponsefromyou.（我的发话完毕，等待你的回答。readback复诵Repeatall,orthespecifiedpartofthismessagebacktomeexactlyasreceived.（严格复诵收到的全部电文或电文的特指部分。例：readbackcorrect.（复诵正确。recleared重新许可Achangehasbeenmadetoyourlastclearanceandthisnewclearancesupersedesyourpreviousclearanceorpartofthem.（刚才给你的指令有更改，本新指令取代你先前收到的指令或其一部分。例：reclearedforFLreportreaching.（重新许可使用高度层３万５千英尺，达到报告。report报告Passmethefollowinginformation.（向我发送以下信息。例：reportfinal.（报告完毕。request请求Ishouldliketoknow...orIwishtoobtain...（我想知道...，或我希望获得...。例：CArequesttimecheck.（CA请求校时。roger收到Ihavereceivedallofyourlasttransmission.（我已全部收到你的发话。例：Deltaroger.（三角收到。sayagain重复Repeatall,orthefollowingpart,ofyourlasttransmission.（全部或部分重复你刚才的发话.例：StationcallingsTowersayagainyourcallsign.（呼叫塔台的电台，重复一下你的呼号。speakslower讲慢些Reduceyourrateofspeech.（降低你的语速。例：BeijingControlspeaksslower.（北京区调度请讲慢些。standby稍等WaitandIwillcallyou.（在我呼叫之前，请等待（我的发话。例：standbyforTower.（请在塔台频率上稍等。verify核实Checkandconfirmwithoriginator.（检查并向原发话者证实。例：verifyposition.（请核实目前位置。wilco照办Iunderstandyourmessageandwillplywithit.（Abbreviationfor“willply”.（我已理解你的电文并将执行。例：wilco.（照办。wordstwice发送两遍①Asarequest:municationisdifficult.Pleasesendeverywordroupofwordstwice.（作为请求：因通讯困难，请将每（或组字发送两遍。例：BeijingControlwordstwice.（北京区调度请发送两遍。②Asinformation:Sinceinformationisdifficult,everywordroupofwordsinthismessagewillbesendtwice.（作为信息：由于通讯困难，本电文的每字或每组字将发送两遍。例：Ireadyouwordstwice.（,我听你，发送两遍。其它：hoodedflight暗舱仪表飞行radionavigationaids无线电领航设备maneuverflight机动飞行airbat空战concentratesuperiorityinforce集中优势兵力airforceciviliancadre空军文职干部stopflyingsystemofflyingpersonnel飞行人员停飞制度contentofflighttraining飞行训练内容Diveangle(pitch-downangle)high(low).Applyalittlebackstick.俯冲角（俯角大（小了,带点杆。Checkthedistance.Distancetoofar.Advance(retard)alittlethrottle.注意距离。距离远了。加（减油门。（接近正常Paymuchattentiontothespeeddifference;retard(advance)alittlethrottle.（正常后Distancegood.Maintainthedistancecarefully.（接近正常注意速度差，减（加油门。（正常后距离好，注意保持。Maintainthebombingdatacarefully.Nohigh(low)speed.注意保持好轰炸诸元。速度不要大（小。Payattentiontothehorizonandrate-of-climbindicator.Don’tclimb(descend).注意地平仪、升降表。不要上升（下降。Payattentiontopassingoverthedeparturepointcorrectly.Theaircraftistotheleft.Leftcorrection.Adjusttheairspacelocation.注意正确通过起点。飞机偏左。向左修正。调整空域位置。Adjusttheautopilot.Checkthepitchchannel.Engagetheautopilot.调整好自动驾驶仪。检查俯仰通道，打开自动驾驶仪。经本人精心整理，如果满意请列为满意答案！谢谢！！